Abstract
The article analyzes the methods and techniques of working with historical sources, which are most often used in the practical work of the history teacher in order to activate the cognitive activity of students. The main methodological methods of using historical documents in the process of forming the competence of research and cognitive activities of students are considered. It was found that the work of schoolchildren on the study of documents should be well organized by the teacher and carried out according to a certain algorithm. The phasing of work on historical sources, taking into account age features, makes the learning process more meaningful, develops historical and critical thinking. The work on historical documents should always be aimed at the formation of such skills that would allow students to independently acquire knowledge from a variety of sources and creatively use them in further activities, that is, to be competent. It has been established that working with historical sources is one of the necessary forms of work in lessons, which contributes to a more in-depth study of the subject, the development of critical thinking, the formation of own opinion, life and civic positions. Research work with documents both in the lesson, where the educational process is organized by the teacher, and in the lesson, where the independent work of students prevails, and in extracurricular activities, it involves the activation of students' cognitive activity. In addition, the analysis of the theory and practice of studying history by working with a documentary base allows us to argue that the inclusion of various types of documents in the program content of the school course "History of Ukraine" contributes to the formation of holistic, systemic, structured knowledge about the historical process in students, creates conditions for a deep understanding of the patterns of historical development and stimulates to scientific search. Step-by-step work with historical documents will allow to ensure the combination of theoretical and practical approaches to learning, for example, working with documents will provide students with the mastery of skills to work with different types of historical sources, which will become a necessary skill during study in a higher educational institution
Keywords
historical information, historical sources, historical documents, educational process, cognitive activity, history lesson, students
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