The article examines the problem of formation and functioning of primary schools in the Left Bank of Ukraine in 1805-1860. The role of the Ministry of Education, which retained control functions, and the maintenance of primary schools was transferred to the public. The position of the conservative part of society, which did not support educational initiatives, and the position of the progressive part of the public, which took the lion's share of funding for the opening, operation and development of county and parish schools in Left Bank Ukraine in the study period. The main condition for the existence of educational institutions, which consisted in their material support, is revealed. The author mentions the names of patrons who actively influenced the development of the educational process, donated significant funds, books, school supplies, furniture, medicines, housing, etc. to the benefit of schools. The role of national minorities in the formation and functioning of primary schools in the Left Bank of Ukraine in the period under study is mentioned. In particular, the initiative of the Nizhyn Greeks, who were concerned about the educational problems of their compatriots, is covered. The article highlights the role of honorary guardians and supervisors of county schools, who often became their permanent patrons. Concerned with economic problems, they tried to improve the learning conditions of their wards. The facts that testify to their selfless charitable work, which consisted of constant donations, are indicated. Bilateral financing of primary schools is considered, which consisted of providing financial assistance from honorary guardians (supervisors) of schools, as well as individuals

primary schools, county schools, honorary guardian, donations, patrons, public initiative