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Burning of the Оrykhivchyk-village in the Lviv region as a method of struggle against the Ukrainian liberation movement (1944): documentary testimony

Mykola Haliv, Anna Ohar
Retrieved from Volume 5, No. 1, 2020 Pages 27–47
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Abstract

The purpose of the article is to analyze and publish a document entitled «Report on the results of the investigation the arson of Orykhivchyk-village, Pidkamensky district». It is dated November 15, 1944. The author of the document was the Deputy Chief of the NKVD in the Lviv region, major Tukalov. The report was intended for the Chief of the NKVD Department in the Lviv region, E. Hrushko. The document is stored in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine and is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The document presents the initial results of the investigation the arson of Orykhivchyk-village in the Lviv Region on October 30, 1944 by Soviet officials. The investigation was carried out by major Tukalov, Deputy Prosecutor of the Lviv Region Kovalenko, and Deputy Chief of the Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the Lviv Region. The report consists of two parts: a) notification of the circumstances of the arson of the village; b) a brief description of Orykhivchyk. The document reveals the circumstances of the case, the names of the initiators of the punitive operation and, most importantly, their motives. Based on the logical and semantic analysis of the source, it is established that the report is an attempt to mitigate the guilt of Soviet officials, to some extent to acquit them of the crime. We consider the «Report…» an important and representative historical source for the history of the Soviet repressive system in the western regions of Ukraine, as well as for the history of Orykhivchyk-village in the mid-twentieth century. The document is published in the original language (Russian) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements. At the same time, the article outlines the tendency of the Soviet authorities to use the burning of villages or individual farms as a method of combating the Ukrainian liberation movement. The facts of application of this method in the western regions of Ukraine are given. It is noted that most often the Soviet authorities resorted to burning villages in late 1944 – early 1945

Keywords

Orykhivchyk-village; Soviet repressions; Lviv region; Ukrainian liberation movement; NKVD

References

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  16. Romaniuk, M. (2016). Zolochivska okruha OUN u natsionalno-vyzvolnomu rusi (1937 – 1953) [Zolochiv district of the OUN in the national liberation movement (1937 – 1953)]. Lviv, 608 [in Ukrainian].
  17. Serhiichuk, V. (1998). Desiat buremnykh lit. Zakhidnoukrainski zemli u 1944-1953 rr. Novi dokumenty i materialy [Ten turbulent years. Western Ukrainian lands in 1944 - 1953. New documents and materials]. Kyiv: Dnipro, 944 [in Ukrainian].
  18. Sushchuk, O. P. (2009). Radianska karalno-represyvna systema: 1944-1953 rr. (za materialamy Volynskoi oblasti) [Soviet punitive and repressive system: 1944-1953 (according to the Volyn region)] (Candidate’s thesis). Lutsk, 222 [in Ukrainian].
  19. Iarosh, B. (1995). Totalitarnyi rezhym na zakhidnoukrainskykh zemliakh u 30 – 50-i roky XX stolittia [Totalitarian regime in Western Ukraine in the 30 - 50-ies of the twentieth century]. Lutsk: Nadstyria, 171 [in Ukrainian].
  20. Bilas, I. (1994). Represyvno-karalna systema v Ukraini 1917 – 1953. Suspilno-politychnyi ta istoryko-pravovyi analiz. U dvokh knyhakh. Knyha persha [Repressive and punitive system in Ukraine 1917 – 1953. Socio-political and historical and legal analysis. In two books. Book one]. Kyiv: Lybid; Viisko Ukrainy, 432 [in Ukrainian].
  21. Bilas, I. (1994). Represyvno-karalna systema v Ukraini 1917 – 1953. Suspilno-politychnyi ta istorychnyi analiz. U dvokh knyhakh. Knyha druha. Dokumenty ta materialy [Repressive and punitive system in Ukraine 1917 – 1953. Socio-political and historical analysis. In two books. Book two. Documents and materials]. Kyiv: Lybid; Viisko Ukrainy, 688 [in Ukrainian].
  22. Vronska, T. V. (2008). Pozasudovi represii chleniv simei uchasnykiv natsionalno-vyzvolnoho rukhu v zakhidnykh oblastiakh Ukrainy (1944-1952) [Extrajudicial repressions of family members of members of the national liberation movement in the western regions of Ukraine (1944 – 1952)]. Kharkiv: Pravo, 264 [in Ukrainian].
  23. Haluzevyi  derzhavnyi  arkhiv  Sluzhby  bezpeky  Ukrainy [Sectoral state archive of the Security Service of Ukraine], f. 2, op. 65 (1953), spr. 4 [in Ukrainian].
  24. Ilnytskyi, V. (2016). Karpatskyi krai OUN v ukrainskomu vyzvolnomu rusi (1945 – 1954) [Carpathian region of the OUN in the Ukrainian liberation movement (1945 – 1954)]. Drohobych: Posvit, 696 [in Ukrainian].
  25. Kyrychuk, Yu. (2003). Ukrainskyi natsionalnyi rukh 40 – 50- kh rokiv XX stolittia: ideolohiia ta praktyka [Ukrainian national movement 40-ies – 50-ies of XX century: ideology and practice]. Lviv: Dobra sprava, 464 [in Ukrainian].
  26. Romaniuk, M. (Comp.) (2013). Litopys UPA. Nova seriia. T. 23: Zolochivska okruha OUN: Dokumenty i materialy referentury SB 1944 – 1951 [Chronicle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. New series. Vol. 23: Zolochiv district of the OUN: Documents and materials of the Security Service reference 1944 – 1951]. Kyiv; Toronto, 1320 [in Ukrainian].
  27. Romaniuk, M. (Comp.) (2014). Litopys UPA. Nova seriia. T. 24: Zolochivska okruha OUN: Orhanizatsiini dokumenty 1941 – 1952 [Chronicle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. New series. Vol. 24: Zolochiv district of the OUN: Organizational documents 1941 – 1952]. Kyiv; Toronto, 1400 [in Ukrainian].
  28. Horbal, M. (ed.) (2002). Litopys UPA. T. 36: Knyha polehlykh chleniv OUN i voiakiv UPA Lvivshchyny: materiialy do biohrafii (z arkhivnykh dokumentiv) [Chronicle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Vol. 36: Book of fallen OUN members and UPA soldiers of Lviv region: materials for biographies (from archival documents)]. Toronto; Lviv: Litopys UPA, 1054 [in Ukrainian].
  29. Horbal, M. (ed.) (2003). Litopys UPA. Biblioteka. T. 5: Reiestr osib, poviazanykh z vyzvolnoiu borotboiu na terenakh Lvivshchyny (bez Drohobychchyny) 1944-1947 (za arkhivnymy dokumentamy) [Chronicle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Library. Vol. 5: Register of persons involved in the liberation struggle in the Lviv region (excluding Drohobych region) 1944-1947 (according to archival documents)]. Lviv; Toronto: Litopys UPA, 416 [in Ukrainian].
  30. Makarchuk, S. (2020). Radianski metody borotby z OUN i UPA (za materialamy 1944-1945 rr. z Drohobytskoi ta Lvivskoi oblastei) [Soviet methods of struggle against the OUN and UPA (based on documents 1944 – 1945 from Drohobych and Lviv regions)]. Drohobytskyi kraieznavchyi zbirnyk. Spetsvypusk, 65-91 [in Ukrainian].
  31. Nadolskyi, Y. E. (2008). Deportatsiina polityka stalinskoho totalitarnoho rezhymu v zakhidnykh oblastiakh Ukrainy (1939-1953 rr.) [Deportation policy of the Stalinist totalitarian regime in the western regions of Ukraine (1939-1953)]. Lutsk: Vezha, 258 [in Ukrainian].
  32. Pater, I. H. (2013). Represii ta deportatsii naselennia Zakhidnoi Ukrainy u 1940-kh rokakh [Repression and deportation of the population of Western Ukraine in the 1940-ies]. Visnyk Lvivskoi komertsiinoi akademii. Seriia: Humanitarni nauky, 11, 279-290 [in Ukrainian].
  33. Popp, R. (2017). Dokument pro porushennia zakonnosti pratsivnykamy orhaniv militsii NKVS, NKDB i viiskovosluzhbovtsiamy viisk NKVS u Drohobytskii oblasti [Document on violation of legality by NKVD, NKDB police officers  and  NKVD  troops  in  Drohobych  region]. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk – Eastern European Historical Bulletin, Spetsvypusk II, 229-240 [in Ukrainian].
  34. Pidlisnyi, Yu., etc (Comp.) (2014). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. U dvadtsiaty semy tomakh. Lvivska oblast. Knyha druha: m. Boryslav, Brodivskyi raion [Rehabilitated by history. In twenty-seven volumes. Lviv region. Book two: Boryslav, Brody district]. Lviv: Astroliabiia, 768 [in Ukrainian].
  35. Romaniuk, M. (2016). Zolochivska okruha OUN u natsionalno-vyzvolnomu rusi (1937 – 1953) [Zolochiv district of the OUN in the national liberation movement (1937 – 1953)]. Lviv, 608 [in Ukrainian].
  36. Serhiichuk, V. (1998). Desiat buremnykh lit. Zakhidnoukrainski zemli u 1944-1953 rr. Novi dokumenty i materialy [Ten turbulent years. Western Ukrainian lands in 1944 - 1953. New documents and materials]. Kyiv: Dnipro, 944 [in Ukrainian].
  37. Sushchuk, O. P. (2009). Radianska karalno-represyvna systema: 1944-1953 rr. (za materialamy Volynskoi oblasti) [Soviet punitive and repressive system: 1944-1953 (according to the Volyn region)] (Candidate’s thesis). Lutsk, 222 [in Ukrainian].
  38. Iarosh, B. (1995). Totalitarnyi rezhym na zakhidnoukrainskykh zemliakh u 30 – 50-i roky XX stolittia [Totalitarian regime in Western Ukraine in the 30 - 50-ies of the twentieth century]. Lutsk: Nadstyria, 171 [in Ukrainian].

Suggested citation

Haliv, M., & Ohar, A. (2020). Burning of the Оrykhivchyk-village in the Lviv region as a method of struggle against the Ukrainian liberation movement (1944): documentary testimony. Society. Document. Communication, 5(1), 27-47.