Abstract
The article characterizes the activity of «informal organizations» during the period of perestroika (1985-1990), their influence on the restoration of Ukrainian independence, the struggle against Soviet propaganda in Ukrainian society. The «informal» democratic groups that began to emerge en masse during «Perestroika» period retained the ideas that had been propagated during the dissident movements of the 1950s and early 1980s, namely, greater openness in Soviet society and the idea of upholding human rights, which were systematically violated in the USSR. Despite the initial statements of the «informals», who denied the idea of Ukraine's secession from the USSR, such decisions quickly changed in favor of full independence for Ukraine and were supplemented by calls for the democratization of society. In their activities they tried to draw public attention to the principles of preserving not only freedom of speech, but also the restoration of Ukrainian statehood and to show the negative consequences of the Soviet propaganda-ideology in relation to everything Ukrainian. It was the appearance of such groups as the Ukrainian Cultural Club (UCK), the association People's Movement of Ukraine for Reconstruction (PMU) that marked a change in the struggle for the restoration of Ukrainian independence. If the early dissidents used underground methods (printing «Samzdat», pamphlets calling for struggle), the «informal» organizations begin to use more open methods (organization of mass events, rallies, pickets, strikes, and so on). They became the centers of the revival of Ukrainian vision of an independent state. Thanks to their actions, each time more and more people became supporters of independence, and the idea of Ukraine's independence was finally brought to life. It was their activity that created the basis for the restoration of Ukrainian statehood, and the critical minority of their representatives in the central government led to the problems that Ukraine cannot solve even now. The research methodology is based on general scientific and historical methods, which is fully consistent with the goal. Scientific novelty is that the activities and scale of «informal» organizations in the period of «Perestroika» are considered in terms of their influence on the restoration of the Ukrainian state, as well as laying the foundations of the modern Ukrainian nation and the struggle against Soviet propaganda
Keywords
perestroika, Soviet propaganda, informal organizations, People's Movement of Ukraine for Reconstruction, Ukrainian Cultural Club
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